POR QUÉ EL ÁNGEL DE LA HISTORIA MIRA HACIA ATRÁS?
SOBRE EL CONCEPTO DE HISTORIA EN WALTER BENJAMIN
Keywords:
Progresism/faith in progress (critique of), time (concept), memory, Walter BenjaminAbstract
The angel of history from the theses from Walter Benjamin looks backwards for tree reasons: First, because in epistemological terms it is unavoidable and necessary to look backwards, or: the angel cannot look forwards and has to look backwards for to be able to understand his surroundings. Second, because in ontological terms the future doesn’t exist, since the ‘progress’ isn’t a tendency of rapprochement to a better future, but the moving-away from the lost paradise; and because the time as something homogenous that is advancing automatically, doesn’t exist. Third, because in political terms it is necessary to look backwards, as it isn’t possible to face the National socialism, if it is understood as a state of exception, opposed diametrically to an unavoidable progress.
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BENJAMIN, Walter. El autor como productor. In: Tentativas sobre Brecht – Iluminaciones III. Traducción Jesús Aguirre. Madrid: Taurus, 1998.
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BENJAMIN, Walter. Illuminationen – Ausgewählte Schriften I. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Taschenbuch, 1977.
BENJAMIN, Walter. Sobre el concepto de historia. Traducción Bolívar Echeverría. ed. cit. tesis IX.
ECHEVERRÍA, Bolívar. Modernidad y capitalismo (15 Tesis). In: Las ilusiones de la modernidad. México, D.F.: UNAM y El Equilibrista, 1995.
GANDLER, Stefan. Razón sin revolución. Revista Mexicana de Sociología, 1/2001.
HORKHEIMER, Max; ADORNO, Theodor W. Concepto de ilustración. In: Dialéctica de la ilustración – Fragmentos filosóficos. Traducción Juan José Sánchez. Madrid: Trotta, 1994.
MARX, Karl. Das Kapital, tomo I, Berlin/DDR: Dietz, 1968.
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