Reflexões iniciais sobre o conceito de "pós-xamanismo"
Pensando o contexto cultural e o repertório mágico dos tietäjät na Finlândia e Carélia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35355/revistafenix.v21i1.1320Palabras clave:
Xamanismo, História das Religiões, História da magia, mitologia finlandesaResumen
Nossa exposição objetiva apontar algumas reflexões sobre a necessidade de surgimento do termo “pós-xamanismo”, evidenciando a falta de termos analítico-conceituais para descreverem sociedades de passado xamânico que posteriormente sofreram revoluções culturais e sincretismos e, após os quais, as ideologias xamânicas necessitaram serem renegociadas para perdurarem em novos contextos culturais. Como exemplo dessa demanda teórica, elegemos o contexto cultural da Finlândia e Carélia onde operavam especialistas religiosos conhecidos por tietäjät.
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ABERCROMBY, John. The Pre- and Proto-historic Finns, both Eastern and Western – with the Magic Songs of the West Finns. Londres: David Nutt, 1898.
ALVES, Victor Hugo Sampaio. A definição fenomenológica de Eliade para o xamanismo: alguns contrapontos oferecidos pela perspectiva culturalista e um caso ilustrativo da tradição fino-careliana dos tietäjät. PLURA – Revista de Estudos de Religião, v. 13, n. 1, 2022, pp. 268-298.
ALVES, Victor Hugo Sampaio. Deuses do trovão. In: LANGER, Johnni (org.). Dicionário de História das Religiões na Antiguidade e Medievo, Petrópolis: Vozes, 2020, pp. 158-161.
ARUKASK, Madis. Notes on Finnic Folk Culture from the Perspective of Shamanism. In: MÁTTEFFY, Attila & SZABADOS, György (eds.). Shamanhood and Mythology: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy and Current Techniques of Research, Budapeste, 2017, pp. 15-26.
BÄCKMAN, Louise & HULTKRANTZ, Åke. Studies in Lapp Shamanism. Estocolmo: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1978.
DUBOIS, Thomas. Nordic religions in the Viking Age. Pensilvânia: University of Pensylvannia Press, 1999.
ELIADE, Mircea. O Xamanismo e as técnicas arcaicas do êxtase. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 1999 [1951].
FROG. O berserkr nórdico, o tiëtäjä fino-careliano e uma história de tecnologias rituais. Scandia – Journal of Medieval Norse Studies, n. 2, 2019a, pp. 232-287.
FROG. Approaching Ideologies of Things Made of Language: A Case Study of a Finno-Karelian Incantation Technology. Folkloristika: Journal of the Serbian Folklore Society, n. 4, v. 1, 2019b, pp. 211-257.
FROG. Understanding Embodiment through Lived Religion: A Look at Vernacular Physiologies in an Old Norse Milieu. In: Rova, Jackson et al. (eds.). Myth, Materiality, and Lived Religion: In Merovingian and Viking Scandinavia, Estocolmo, 2019c, pp. 269-301.
FROG. Shamans, Christians, and Things in between: From Finnic-Germanic Contacts to the Conversion of Karelia. In: SŁUPECKI, Leszek (ed.), SIMEK, Rudolf (ed.). Conversions: Looking for Ideological Change in the Early Middle Ages, 2013, pp. 53-97.
FROG. Confluence, Continuity and Change in the Evolution of Mythology: The Case of the Finno-Karelian Sampo-Cycle. In: FROG; SIIKALA, Anna-Leena & STEPANOVA, Eila (eds.). Mythic Discourses: Studies in Uralic Traditions, Helsinque: Finnish Literature Society, 2012, pp. 205-254.
HARVEY, Graham & WALLIS, Robert J. Historical Dictionary of Shamanism. Toronto: The Scarecrow Press, 2007.
HOPPÁL, Mihály. Studies on Mythology and Uralic Shamanism. Budapeste: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2000.
HOPPÁL, Mihály. Traces of Shamanism in Hungarian Folk Beliefs. In: SIIKALA, Anna-Leena & HOPPÁL, Mihály (ed.). Studies on Shamanism, Budapeste, Akadémiai Kiadó, 1992, pp. 156-168.
HULTKRANTZ, Åke. Ecological and Phenomenological Aspects of Shamanism. In: DIÓSZEGI, Vilmos (ed.) & HOPPÁL, Mihály (ed). Shamanism in Siberia, 1978, pp. 27-57.
MIRANDA, Pablo Gomes de. Xamanismo e mito na Escandinávia Medieval. Revista Campo do Saber, v. 5, n. 2, 2019, pp. 13-25.
MITCHELL, Stephen. Witchcraft and Magic in the Nordic Middle Ages. Pensilvânia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.
OINAS, Felix. The Balto-Finnic Epics. In: OINAS, Felix (ed.). Heroic Epic and Saga: An Introduction to the World’s Great Folk Epics. Indiana: University Press, 1978, pp. 286-310.
PENTIKÄINEN, Juha. Kalevala Mythology: Expanded Edition. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1999.
PRICE, Neil. The Viking Way: magic and mind in late iron age Scandinavia. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2019.
SIIKALA, Anna-Leena. Siberian and Inner Asian Shamanism. JONES, Lindsay (ed.). Encyclopedia of Religion, 2005. pp. 8.280-8.286.
SIIKALA, Anna-Leena. Mythic Images and Shamanism: a Perspective on Kalevala Poetry. Helsinque: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 2002.
SIIKALA, Anna-Leena. Body, Performance, and Agency in Kalevala Rune-Singing. In: Oral Tradition, n. 15, v. 2, pp. 255-278, 2000.
SIIKALA, Anna-Leena. The Rite Technique of the Siberian Shaman. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 1978.
STARK, Laura. The Magical Self: Body, Society and the Supernatural in Early Modern Rural Finland. Helsinque: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 2006.
TARKKA, Lotte. Songs of the Border People: Genre, Reflexivity, and Performance in Karelian Orthodox Poetry. Helsinque: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 2013.
TOLLEY, Clive. Shamanism in Norse Myth and Magic, vol. 1. Helsinque: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 2009.
VIRTANEN, Leea & DUBOIS, Thomas. Finnish Folklore. Helsinque: Studia Fennica Folkloristica 9, 2000.
ZNAMENSKI, Andrei. The Beauty of the Primitive: Shamanism and the Western Imagination. Oxford: University Press, 2007.
WILSON, Kendra. Seiðr and (Sámi) Shamanism: Definitions, Sources, and Identities. In: AHOLA, Joonas & FROG (eds.). Folklore and Old Norse Mythology. Helsinque: Kalevala Society, 2021, pp. 215-246.
ALVES, Victor Hugo Sampaio. A definição fenomenológica de Eliade para o xamanismo: alguns contrapontos oferecidos pela perspectiva culturalista e um caso ilustrativo da tradição fino-careliana dos tietäjät. PLURA – Revista de Estudos de Religião, v. 13, n. 1, 2022, pp. 268-298.
ALVES, Victor Hugo Sampaio. Deuses do trovão. In: LANGER, Johnni (org.). Dicionário de História das Religiões na Antiguidade e Medievo, Petrópolis: Vozes, 2020, pp. 158-161.
ARUKASK, Madis. Notes on Finnic Folk Culture from the Perspective of Shamanism. In: MÁTTEFFY, Attila & SZABADOS, György (eds.). Shamanhood and Mythology: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy and Current Techniques of Research, Budapeste, 2017, pp. 15-26.
BÄCKMAN, Louise & HULTKRANTZ, Åke. Studies in Lapp Shamanism. Estocolmo: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1978.
DUBOIS, Thomas. Nordic religions in the Viking Age. Pensilvânia: University of Pensylvannia Press, 1999.
ELIADE, Mircea. O Xamanismo e as técnicas arcaicas do êxtase. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 1999 [1951].
FROG. O berserkr nórdico, o tiëtäjä fino-careliano e uma história de tecnologias rituais. Scandia – Journal of Medieval Norse Studies, n. 2, 2019a, pp. 232-287.
FROG. Approaching Ideologies of Things Made of Language: A Case Study of a Finno-Karelian Incantation Technology. Folkloristika: Journal of the Serbian Folklore Society, n. 4, v. 1, 2019b, pp. 211-257.
FROG. Understanding Embodiment through Lived Religion: A Look at Vernacular Physiologies in an Old Norse Milieu. In: Rova, Jackson et al. (eds.). Myth, Materiality, and Lived Religion: In Merovingian and Viking Scandinavia, Estocolmo, 2019c, pp. 269-301.
FROG. Shamans, Christians, and Things in between: From Finnic-Germanic Contacts to the Conversion of Karelia. In: SŁUPECKI, Leszek (ed.), SIMEK, Rudolf (ed.). Conversions: Looking for Ideological Change in the Early Middle Ages, 2013, pp. 53-97.
FROG. Confluence, Continuity and Change in the Evolution of Mythology: The Case of the Finno-Karelian Sampo-Cycle. In: FROG; SIIKALA, Anna-Leena & STEPANOVA, Eila (eds.). Mythic Discourses: Studies in Uralic Traditions, Helsinque: Finnish Literature Society, 2012, pp. 205-254.
HARVEY, Graham & WALLIS, Robert J. Historical Dictionary of Shamanism. Toronto: The Scarecrow Press, 2007.
HOPPÁL, Mihály. Studies on Mythology and Uralic Shamanism. Budapeste: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2000.
HOPPÁL, Mihály. Traces of Shamanism in Hungarian Folk Beliefs. In: SIIKALA, Anna-Leena & HOPPÁL, Mihály (ed.). Studies on Shamanism, Budapeste, Akadémiai Kiadó, 1992, pp. 156-168.
HULTKRANTZ, Åke. Ecological and Phenomenological Aspects of Shamanism. In: DIÓSZEGI, Vilmos (ed.) & HOPPÁL, Mihály (ed). Shamanism in Siberia, 1978, pp. 27-57.
MIRANDA, Pablo Gomes de. Xamanismo e mito na Escandinávia Medieval. Revista Campo do Saber, v. 5, n. 2, 2019, pp. 13-25.
MITCHELL, Stephen. Witchcraft and Magic in the Nordic Middle Ages. Pensilvânia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.
OINAS, Felix. The Balto-Finnic Epics. In: OINAS, Felix (ed.). Heroic Epic and Saga: An Introduction to the World’s Great Folk Epics. Indiana: University Press, 1978, pp. 286-310.
PENTIKÄINEN, Juha. Kalevala Mythology: Expanded Edition. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1999.
PRICE, Neil. The Viking Way: magic and mind in late iron age Scandinavia. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2019.
SIIKALA, Anna-Leena. Siberian and Inner Asian Shamanism. JONES, Lindsay (ed.). Encyclopedia of Religion, 2005. pp. 8.280-8.286.
SIIKALA, Anna-Leena. Mythic Images and Shamanism: a Perspective on Kalevala Poetry. Helsinque: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 2002.
SIIKALA, Anna-Leena. Body, Performance, and Agency in Kalevala Rune-Singing. In: Oral Tradition, n. 15, v. 2, pp. 255-278, 2000.
SIIKALA, Anna-Leena. The Rite Technique of the Siberian Shaman. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 1978.
STARK, Laura. The Magical Self: Body, Society and the Supernatural in Early Modern Rural Finland. Helsinque: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 2006.
TARKKA, Lotte. Songs of the Border People: Genre, Reflexivity, and Performance in Karelian Orthodox Poetry. Helsinque: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 2013.
TOLLEY, Clive. Shamanism in Norse Myth and Magic, vol. 1. Helsinque: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 2009.
VIRTANEN, Leea & DUBOIS, Thomas. Finnish Folklore. Helsinque: Studia Fennica Folkloristica 9, 2000.
ZNAMENSKI, Andrei. The Beauty of the Primitive: Shamanism and the Western Imagination. Oxford: University Press, 2007.
WILSON, Kendra. Seiðr and (Sámi) Shamanism: Definitions, Sources, and Identities. In: AHOLA, Joonas & FROG (eds.). Folklore and Old Norse Mythology. Helsinque: Kalevala Society, 2021, pp. 215-246.
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2024-06-27
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ALVES Sampaio, V. H. (2024). Reflexões iniciais sobre o conceito de "pós-xamanismo": Pensando o contexto cultural e o repertório mágico dos tietäjät na Finlândia e Carélia. Fênix - Revista De História E Estudos Culturais, 21(1), 508–538. https://doi.org/10.35355/revistafenix.v21i1.1320
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